حروف المضارعة
حروف المضارعة- “muḍāraʿah letters” Definition: the four letters—ياء, تاء, الف, and نون, i.e., the أتين letters (حروف أتين)— that are prefixed to the imperfect verb.
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اسم الإشارة
اسم الإشارة- “The demonstrative pronoun” Definition: a definite ism that identifies its referent by pointing to it in a particular location, either in speech or in the external world.
اسم موصول
الاسم الموصول- “relative pronoun” Definition: a definite ism that indicates a defined referent through the sentence that follows it, called the relative clause (صلة).
منادى
المنادى- “munāda” Definition: a type of ism that is defined by being the object of a direct address and follows a vocative particle (ياء). There are a number of vocative…
مضاف
المضاف- “muḍāf” Definition: an ism that is defined through its muḍāf ilayh. In other words, whenever an indefinite ism is in an iḍāfah-construct with a definite ism, the construct makes…
ضمير
الضمير- “A personal pronoun” Definition: a definite ism that indicates a referent in terms of its being singular, dual, or plural, and whether it is first-person, second-person, or third-person.
معرف بالألف و اللام
المعرف بالألف و اللام- “A word defined by the definite article” Definition: a definite ism that refers to a specific referent by means of the definite article (ال), like…
علم
علم- “proper noun” Definition: a definite ism that denotes a specific and identified referent , like عليّ or مكة
نكرة
نكرة- “indefinite ism” Definition: an ism whose referent is not known or identified, like رجل or قَرْيَة.
معرفة
المعرفة- “definite ism” an ism whose referent is known and identified, either by the definite article like محمد or مكّة.