{"id":313,"date":"2017-05-26T18:51:45","date_gmt":"2017-05-26T18:51:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.aiseminary.org\/knowledgebase\/?p=313"},"modified":"2017-05-30T18:22:39","modified_gmt":"2017-05-30T18:22:39","slug":"ahkam-al-miyah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.aiseminary.org\/knowledgebase\/2017\/05\/26\/ahkam-al-miyah\/","title":{"rendered":"Ahkam al-Miyah"},"content":{"rendered":"

TEXT<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062c\u064f\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0647\u064f\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u064e\u0649 \u0643\u064f\u0631\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064f\u0647 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0627 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0647\u064f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u064f\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0632\u062d\u2026<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n
\n

TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Water is a purifier from hadath<\/em> and khabath<\/em>. It becomes impure by being changed through the impurity. It becomes pure by the disappearance of that change if the water (1) is flowing (j\u0101r\u012b)<\/em> (2) or it comes in contact with a kurr<\/em>, whose measure is one thousand and two hundred Iraqi ri\u1e6dl<\/em> (3). Qal\u012bl<\/em> water and well water become impure through contact (4). Qal\u012bl<\/em> is purified by what has been mentioned and a well is purified by removing\u2026(5)<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

(1) The Categorization of Mu\u1e6dlaq<\/em> (Unmixed) Water<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

The two Shah\u012bds categorize mu\u1e6dlaq<\/em> water directly into flowing water (m\u0101\u02be j\u0101r\u012b<\/em>), kurr<\/em>, qal\u012bl<\/em>, and well water (m\u0101\u02be al-bi\u02ber<\/em>). They do not mention rainwater (al-ghayth<\/em> or al-ma\u1e6dar<\/em>) as a separate category of water. However, Shah\u012bd al-Th\u0101n\u012b does mention it as a means of purification for qal\u012bl.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sayyid al-\u1e24ak\u012bm categorizes mu\u1e6dlaq<\/em> water into qal\u012bl<\/em>, kurr<\/em>, rainwater (m\u0101\u02be al-ma\u1e6dar<\/em>), and water with a source (m\u0101 lahu m\u0101ddah<\/em>). These categories are mentioned in his discussion on how water can become impure (tanajjus)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Sayyid S\u012bst\u0101n\u012b categorizes water, first, into that which has a source and that which does not. Water without a source is either qal\u012bl<\/em> or kath\u012br<\/em> (also called kurr<\/em>). The source for water with a source is either natural or not. Water with a natural source is either m\u0101\u02be j\u0101r\u012b<\/em> or m\u0101\u02be al-bi\u02ber<\/em>. M\u0101\u02be al-ma\u1e6dar<\/em> is not clearly categorized into any of the aforementioned groups, although it is noted under the discussion of water with a source. Water with an unnatural source – such as tap water – is given the same rulings as water without a source at all.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u2026 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646:\u00a0 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u2026\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u0101\u02be Mu\u02bfta\u1e63im<\/u><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

The term mu\u02bfta\u1e63im<\/em> literally refers to something that protects itself. In the terminology of the jurists,<\/em> it refers to water that does not become impure through mere contact with impurities, but rather through contact in which the color, taste, or smell of the water is altered by the source of impurity (\u02bfayn al-naj\u0101sah<\/em>). The following types of water are considered mu\u02bfta\u1e63im<\/em> by jurists:<\/span><\/p>\n

The two Shah\u012bds consider kurr <\/em>and m\u0101\u02be j\u0101r\u012b<\/em> to be mu\u02bfta\u1e63im<\/em>. Although it is not explicitly stated, it is apparent Shah\u012bd al-Th\u0101n\u012b considers m\u0101\u02be al-ma\u1e6dar to also be mu\u02bfta\u1e63im<\/em>, as it is a means to purify qal\u012bl <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Sayyid al-\u1e24ak\u012bm considers kurr<\/em> and rainwater to be mu\u02bfta\u1e63im<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sayyid S\u012bst\u0101n\u012b considers kath\u012br<\/em>\/kurr<\/em>, m\u0101\u02be j\u0101r\u012b<\/em>, m\u0101\u02be al-bi\u02ber<\/em>, and m\u0101\u02be al-ma\u1e6dar<\/em> as mu\u02bfta\u1e63im<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a\u2026\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u2026\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0633 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 (\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a, \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642, \u0635 18)<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0645\u2026\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 (\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646, “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647”, 20)<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Note: It seems as though \u1e62ayyid \u1e24ak\u012bm is including m\u0101 lah\u016b m\u0101dda <\/em>as type of mu\u02bfta\u1e63im <\/em>water. This will be clarified shortly.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(2) The Definition of M\u0101\u02be J\u0101r\u012b<\/em> (Flowing Water)<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

Shah\u012bd Th\u0101n\u012b defines m\u0101\u02be j\u0101r\u012b<\/em> as water that gushes from the earth other than m\u0101\u02be al-bi\u02ber<\/em>, regardless of whether the gushing is continuous or intermittent.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sayyid \u1e24ak\u012bm does not have a separate category of flowing water. Water with a source is defined as water connected to another body of water – its source – in such a way that it if some water is removed from it, the source replenishes it.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sayyid S\u012bst\u0101n\u012b defines m\u0101\u02be j\u0101r\u012b<\/em> as water with a natural source that is flowing continuously – even if that flowing is artificially created (such as by digging an opening for it to flow), and even if that continuity is not permanent (for example if it flows in the summer but not in the winter).<\/span><\/p>\n

Sayyid \u1e24ak\u012bm requires that the water be connected to its source with contiguity. However, according to Sayyid S\u012bst\u0101n\u012b this is not necessary. The source must be replenishing that water; but a natural separation between the water from its source is not a problem. The source can even be feeding the water through trickling or dripping and it will be considered m\u0101\u02be j\u0101r\u012b<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the opinion of Shah\u012bd Th\u0101n\u012b, a small puddle of water that is fed by a spring is considered is considered m\u0101\u02be j\u0101r\u012b<\/em>, thus mu\u02bfta\u1e63im<\/em>. However, according to Sayyid S\u012bst\u0101n\u012b, such a body of water would not be considered m\u0101\u02be j\u0101r\u012b<\/em> because it is not actually flowing; thus the water would not be mu\u02bfta\u1e63im<\/em>. In the view of Sayyid \u1e24ak\u012bm, if the water itself or its source is not a kurr<\/em>, the water will take the same legal status as qal\u012bl<\/em>. This view is similar to the view of \u02bfAll\u0101mah \u1e24ill\u012b mentioned by Shah\u012bd Th\u0101n\u012b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647. (\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646, \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 38, \u0635 19)<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0645\u062f\u0651\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u2026\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631. (\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c, \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 4, \u0635 21)<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

(3)\u00a0 The Amount of Kurr<\/em><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

Shah\u012bd Th\u0101n\u012b mentions that the prevalent opinion (mashh\u016br<\/em>) of the Im\u0101m\u012b <\/em>jurists is that a kurr <\/em>of water is forty-two and seven-eighths cubic hand-spans (shibr<\/em>, pl. ashb\u0101r<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Sayyid S\u012bst\u0101n\u012b believes that water reaching a volume of thirty-six cubic hand-spans is kurr<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

According to Sayyid \u1e24ak\u012bm, a kurr<\/em> of water is twenty-seven cubic hand-spans of water. Shah\u012bd Th\u0101n\u012b considers strong this opinion for the amount of kurr<\/em> water. This view is often called the opinion of the early Qumm\u012b school (qawl al-qummiyy\u012bn<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 (\u0631\u0636) \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 : \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

(4) The Status of M\u0101\u02be\u00a0al-Bi\u02ber<\/em> (Well Water)<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

According to both Shah\u012bds, m\u0101\u02be al-bi\u02ber<\/em> is not considered mu\u02bfta\u1e63im<\/em>, since they do not consider it m\u0101\u02be j\u0101r\u012b<\/em>. Sayyid \u1e24ak\u012bm agrees that it is not mu\u02bfta\u1e63im<\/em> if the source is less than a kurr<\/em>. This is because of his view that having a source in and of itself does not make water mu\u02bfta\u1e63im<\/em>. Rather, the source must reach the volume of a kurr<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

According to Sayyid S\u012bst\u0101n\u012b, well water is itself mu\u02bfta\u1e63im <\/em>by virtue of being m\u0101\u02be j\u0101r\u012b<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(5) The Purification (Ta\u1e6dh\u012br<\/em>) of M\u0101\u02be\u00a0al-Bi\u02ber<\/em><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

After this point, Shah\u012bd Awwal begins a discussion on how to purify the water of a well by removing a certain amount of buckets based on the type of impurity that has entered the well. Shah\u012bd Th\u0101n\u012b notes that it can be purified by what has already been mentioned – coming into contact with m\u0101\u02be\u00a0mu\u02bfta\u1e63im<\/em> such that its properties are unchanged or they return to normal during this contact. However, m\u0101\u02be al-bi\u02ber<\/em> is treated by both to be qal\u012bl<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Most contemporary jurists do not discuss this issue at length, because the prevalent opinion has become that m\u0101\u02be al-bi\u02ber<\/em> is mu\u02bfta\u1e63im. <\/em>Thus it will not become impure merely by contact with impurities and will immediately become \u1e6d\u0101hir<\/em> when its properties return to normal. The riw\u0101y\u0101t<\/em> commanding to remove a number of buckets of water from the well for purification have been interpreted to be istihb\u0101b<\/em> or to be instances of taqiyyah<\/em>.[1]<\/sup><\/a>After analyzing the narrations regarding the tanajjus and ta\u1e6dh\u012br of m\u0101\u02be al-bi\u02ber, Muhaddith Y\u016bsuf Bahr\u0101n\u012b\u00a0 (d. 1186 AH) – perhaps the final preeminent akhb\u0101r\u012b faq\u012bh – notes … Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span>