{"id":262,"date":"2016-12-23T19:10:40","date_gmt":"2016-12-23T19:10:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.aiseminary.org\/knowledgebase\/?p=262"},"modified":"2017-04-17T20:47:02","modified_gmt":"2017-04-17T20:47:02","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.aiseminary.org\/knowledgebase\/2016\/12\/23\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0645-\u00a0\u201cal-ishm\u0101m<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Definition: ishm\u0101m <\/em>is “to make the kasrah<\/em> of the f\u0101\u02be al-fi\u02bfl<\/em> in line with a \u1e0dammah<\/em>, such that the following vowelless y\u0101\u02be<\/em>\u00a0slightly inclines towards a w\u0101w, <\/em>because it is following the \u1e25arakah<\/em> of the preceding letter.”\u00b9\u00a0The\u00a0y\u0101\u02be<\/em>\u00a0is thus\u00a0pronounced while having a slight “hint” of a \u1e0dammah<\/em>.<\/p>\n

For example,\u00a0in the passive past-tense of ajwaf<\/em> verbs, like \u0642\u064a\u0644, one dialect pronounces the ya with a “hint”\u00a0of a \u1e0dammah<\/em>, the original pattern being\u00a0\u0641\u064f\u0639\u0650\u0644\u064e. The more common dialect pronounces the\u00a0y\u0101\u02be\u00a0<\/em>without any special characteristics.<\/p>\n

This is different from ishm\u0101m<\/em> in waqf. <\/em>In waqf, <\/em>when a \u1e25arakah<\/em> is elided, ishm\u0101m is “to contort the lips similar to how they appear when that \u1e25arakah\u00a0<\/em>is present, but the \u1e25arakah\u00a0<\/em>is not pronounced\u00a0clearly, nor even slightly.”\u00b2 This is relevant only for the \u1e0dammah, <\/em>and the\u00a0lips will appear as though a \u0636\u0645\u0629 will be pronounced, but no sound is omitted. The marker for this type of ishm\u0101m\u00a0<\/em>is in front of the letter.\u00a0For example, see Yusuf: 11 (\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649\u0670 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0633\u064f\u0641\u064e).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ra\u1e0d\u012b al-D\u012bn al-Istar\u0101b\u0101d\u012b, Shar\u1e25 K\u0101fiyah lbn al-\u1e24\u0101jib, <\/em>vol. 4 (Tehran: Mu\u02beassasah al-\u1e62\u0101diq li-l-\u1e6cab\u0101\u02bfah wa-l-Nashr), 131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Ra\u1e0d\u012b, Shar\u1e25 Sh\u0101fiyah Ibn al-\u1e24\u0101jib<\/em>, vol. 2 (Qom: Maktabah P\u0101rs\u0101, 2010), 381.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0645-\u00a0\u201cal-ishm\u0101m\u201d Definition: ishm\u0101m is “to make the kasrah of the f\u0101\u02be al-fi\u02bfl in line with a \u1e0dammah, such that the following vowelless y\u0101\u02be\u00a0slightly inclines towards a w\u0101w, because it is following the \u1e25arakah of the preceding letter.”\u00b9\u00a0The\u00a0y\u0101\u02be\u00a0is thus\u00a0pronounced while having a slight “hint” of a \u1e0dammah. For example,\u00a0in the passive past-tense of ajwaf verbs, like ..<\/p>\n

      <\/div>\n

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